Billy Bonzai Essays

Billy Bonzai Essays Billy Bonzai Essay Billy Bonzai Essay Billy Bonzai I. Perspective The case was broke down from the perspective of Mr. Hidayat. II. Targets To give the customers magnificent administrations. To permit the representatives to work methodicallly and reliably. To set up a success †win suggestion for both the organization and its customers. III. The Problem What should the administration do so as to decrease the inefficiency of its representatives and offer magnificent types of assistance to its customers? IV. Realities of the Case Billy joined Kandapon in 1980 as a twenty-multi year old easygoing recruit. He was brilliant and charming as a working understudy and in the long run finishing a law degree. The incidental offer of a bekisar, as a side-line, could turn in a clean benefit. In 1980, Billy additionally started to seek after the developing of bonsai trees decisively. Billy exploited any break in the work to leave the workplace to take care of his side interests. Errors in disengaging lines which were cutting-edge o n their installments or deferrals in the reconnection of lines after installments had been submitted incited boisterous questions. V. Elective Courses of Actions . The administration must lead an employees’ execution assessment normally so as to quantify the individuality’s viability and productivity to its assignments. Points of interest: o Employees who are playing out their individual undertakings will procure merits. o Customers’ grievances will be diminish. o There is a feeling of fulfillment. Hindrances: o It is far and confused procedure. o Some representatives may think that its predisposition. o Additional costs will be caused. 2. Survey the company’s approach regarding employees’ code of morals and customers’ relations. Points of interest: o Employees will know its restrictions. Along these lines, pointless leisure activities inconsequential to the expected set of responsibilities determined will be limited. o Proper frameworks of work will be figured it out. o There is an opportunity to get better. Burdens: o Some workers will think that its difficult to actualize the things recorded on the organization strategy. o Resistance to change. 3. Take remedial activities on the uselessness of the workers. Points of interest: o Employees will get familiar with its exercises and inevitably keep themselves from submitting similar missteps once more. Clients’ grievances will be limited since restorative measures have been taken as of now. o There is a demonstration of polished skill. Hindrance: o Some workers may take it against the administration. In this manner, turnover rate may increment. VI. Proposal Alternative number three will be picked in tending to the case since it permits each person to gai n from the slip-ups they have submitted. In this manner, polished methodology, order and great client relations will be set up.

How to Pronounce Mobile

Step by step instructions to Pronounce Mobile The most effective method to Pronounce Mobile The most effective method to Pronounce Mobile By Maeve Maddox A peruser ponders about the American way to express the word portable: At the point when Americans allude to what we all heft around as our own computerized extremity, they rhyme it with â€Å"bill.† The remainder of the world (i.e., where I live) articulate it to rhyme it with â€Å"bile.† Im not discussing the modifier â€Å"mobile,† however the thing â€Å"mobile,† short for â€Å"mobile phone.† Does this need to do anything with the gas organization which sounds the equivalent? The word versatile capacities as both a descriptive word and as a thing: Descriptive word Theâ mobile technologyâ may be a great deal unique as far as the Internet stage, however they fundamentally share a typical medium: the Web. - Americans articulate the descriptive word portable to rhyme with honorable. Thing Sallie purchased a sweetheart Winnie-the-Pooh portable to hang over the babys bed. - Americans articulate the thing portable to rhyme with toe-heel (MOH-beel). The city in Alabama is normally articulated MOH-beel. Now and then it is articulated moh-BEEL. The oil organization spells its name Mobil and articulates it MOH-bil. Its begetter, Mobilgas, was established during the 1920s; Americans were at that point articulating portable to rhyme with honorable. Things being what they are, when did those pitiable Americans begin misspeaking portable? They didn’t. English speakers moved their way to express words finishing off with - ile from a short vowel sound to a long one. OED word specialist R. W. Burchfield noted, â€Å"The division didn’t become obvious until about 1900.† This is the means by which Charles Elster (The Big Book of Beastly Mispronunciations) puts it: all through the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years, both British and American speakers articulated - ile either with a short I (as in pill) or a cloud/quiet I (as in fossil). For instance, the English elocutionist John Walker, whose Critical Pronouncing Dictionary (1791) affected the two sides of the Atlantic well into the nineteenth century, supported the short I in about all - ile words, including adolescent, trade, and immature, refering to just chamomile, puerile, and accommodate as long I special cases. In the twentieth century, Americans were less steady in their standard inclination than the British were in their recently discovered inclination, and the long I made a few advances in American discourse. Concerning the inquiry that provoked this post, Americans call those â€Å"personal computerized appendages† neither MOH-biles nor MOH-bils. We call them mobile phones. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Spelling class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Comparative Forms of AdjectivesLatter, not LadderDissatisfied versus Unsatisfied

Self Harm Essay - 1100 Words

Self Harm (Essay Sample) Content: Self-harm[Name][Course][Name of Instructor][Date of Submission]Self-harmSelf-harm, for decades, has been viewed as a pathological expression of latent stress, without meaning, reason or desire. In tandem to this, a bunch of psychologists have argued and depicted self-harm as powerful and silent language (Motz, 2009). Self-harm communicates states of mind to others, inscribing a narrative on the body itself, and it embodies unbearable feelings and memories, with the aim of evincing the hope of being understood (Motz, 2009). In line with this, Page and Page (2007), also describe a plethora of activities that delineate self-harm or self-injury. The activities are always deliberate, with the intent of causing harm to one's own body, and they may encompass; cutting, hair pulling, skin picking, burning, biting, bone breaking, head banging, self-poising and strangulation, and limb amputation (Page Page, 2007; Walsh 2006). There are several facets that contribute or lead to self-harm, and Motz (2009), affirms that self-harm can be conducted by an individual to create boundaries, or as a sign of hope, or as a dialectic, a self-defense mechanism. Moreover, self-harm can be attributed or linked mental illnesses-stress, borderline personality and depression (Walsh, 2006).In light with this, the prevalence of self-harm in the world has been on the rise, and several cases reported on the matter from different countries. According to the research done by Martin, Swannell, Hazell, Harrison and Taylor (2010), Australia has been facing the self-harm problem, which has been remarkably substantial and ascribed to a wide range of aspects, entailing psychological distress and mental health problems. The frequency of self-harm in the country is reported to range from 1to 50 instances (mean of 7) (Martin et al., 2010). Further, the mean age of onset is averaged to 17 years, with the oldest age of onset set at 44 years for males and 60 years for females, and the core m ethod of self-harm depicted as cutting (Martin et al., 2010). Moreover, most of the victims are reported to have received psychiatric diagnosis or were likely to be using substances (Martin et al., 2010). Similarly, Young, Beinum, Sweeting and West (2007), also contend that self-harm is fairly common, and possible on the rise in most populations outside Australia. As well, a 7.1 percent life time of self-harm is realized, and women are likely to self-harm during their lifetime in a scale of 8.4 vs 5.8 percent (Young et al., 2007). In conjunction to this, Young et al. (2007) have also confirmed that labor market position strongly influences self-harm, citing that there is six to sevenfold increase for self-harm incidences for the non-labor market group, in every subsequent year.To contain the situation, different countries, and organizations have developed different prevention strategies to curb the entire issue and help save a lot of lives (Nixon Heath, 2009). School-based preventi on programs have been initiated to play a dual role in; raising awareness of the sources of help that are available to young people exposed to self-harm and offer a proficient support, prepare and equip the youth on the measures to take (Hawton, Rodham Evans, 2006). School-based prevention programs can be debated into three categories; primary, secondary and tertiary prevention (Hawton, Rodham Evans, 2006). Primary prevention aims at modifying factors that might predispose individuals to self-harm phenomena, whereas, secondary prevention targets individuals subjected to the problem, and lastly, tertiary prevention involves the provision of help to victims of self-harm (Hawton, Rodham Evans, 2006). The actual programmes offered in the school-based platform include; suicide awareness, skill training, mental health awareness, self-esteem, and coping with stress programmes (Hawton, Rodham Evans, 2006). Also, fair and intensive public health programmes have been established to aid in the teaching and promoting awareness concerning self-harm and the several ways it can be prevented and treated (Whittington Logan, 2011).Conventionally, there are different types of interventions put forth to control the situation. Clinical intervention is the most common form of treatment and counseling sets the epicenter of all forms of treatment (Walker, 2012). McDougall, Armstrong and Trainor (2010) give different forms of psychological or counseling treatments for self-harm, and they include; individual therapy, group therapy and problem solving strategy. Under individual therapy, there different forms of therapies offered, and they comprise; cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps the victims learn new skills for managing their emotions thoughts and behaviors (Gratz Chapman, 2009). In addition, Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is also immensely useful as it entails processes that enable patients to learn how to accept themselves, their lives and other people (Grat z Chapman, 2009). Besides, psychodynamic therapy is equally fundamental, and it focuses on the childhood of the victim to try and figure out the underlying issues (Gratz Chapman, 2009; Miller Brock, 2010). Whittington and Logan (2011) also, describe pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical forms of interventions. Pharmaceutical methods involve the use of drugs to reduce attempted self-harm or suicide, while non-pharmaceutical does not use drugs (Whittington and Logan, 2011).In line with this, the age group mostly affected with the self-harm upshot is the youth group, ascribed to a plethora of factors. Family relationships have been one of the core factors and majority of the youths have cited that problems in the family-divorce, constant arguments and fights, parenting and discipline-as the paramount concern and a motivating factor to self-harm (McDougall, Armstrong Trainor, 2010; Veague, 2008). Also, no discourse on self-harm would be complete with the issue of attention needing, and highly often most of the youths succumb to the challenge in quest for it (McDougall, Armstrong Trainor, 2010; Veague, 2008). Another vital consideration is risk taking, over which most of the youths are subjected to the risk of trying out illicit substances, and alcohol (McDougall, Armstrong Trainor, 2010; Veague, 2008). Further, the pressure to succeed in life may also significantly lead to self-harm (Veague, 2008). In connection to this, the introduction of school-based prevention programmes to control the rising situation has been the utter most steps taken by the several institutions, since it concentrates adeptly on the particular affected group (McDougall, Armstrong Trainor, 2010). Likewise, the discussed treatment and intervention measures, offer quality and proficient know-how on how to prevent and address the self-harm issue.Under the same note, there are different resources that have been availed in the commission to aid in reducing and managing self-harm prevalenc e and provenance. Training and use of professional human resource has been the key resource in solving the problem (Hollander, 2008). Counselors and psychotherapist are the key resource, and they have contributed a lot to the realization of the cure and control of the self-harm (Walsh, 2012; Hollander, 2008). Furthermore, teaching resources-books, magazines, video clips, and brochu...

The Inner Self in The Awakening, Wuthering Heights, and...

The Inner Self in The Awakening, Wuthering Heights, and Fences Does turmoil in people promote chaos in the world, or does chaos in the world create turmoil in people? To uncover a single answer to such a question is impossible. Therefore, those who seek a solution find themselves at a stalemate, and the query posed becomes rhetorical. Nevertheless, it initiates another inquiry worth thought and reflection: since the chaotic world is already well established, whether or not a product of human havoc, how is one to escape it and live uninhibitedly? Fences, by August Wilson, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, and Wuthering Heights, by Emily Brontà « embody people who struggle against the chaos in the world to be rid of†¦show more content†¦With the culture bedlam dictating and often hindering his every progress, Maxson found consolation in placing the liability on the nations social order, thus escaping the blame for his lifes futility, leaving him with the soothing belief that his identity and own motivation (or lack thereof) had nothing to do with the emptiness that was his life. When Maxsons wife, Rose, attempted make him admit that the reason he was not playing in the major league was because he was too old, Maxson replied, What do you mean too old? Dont come telling me I was too old. I just wasnt the right color. Hell, Im fifty-three years old and can do better than Selkirks .269 right now! (Wilson 218) Troy Maxson persistently and constantly refuted the notion that his being himself---not as a black man or even as an old man, but as Troy Maxson, fifty-three years old---had anything to do with his life wanting for anything; he persistently and constantly blamed the rest of human existence for his providence, any human but himself. The denial of personal duty and his defiance against the government and all of civilization provided Maxson the inner calm he lacked. Maxson also struggled against familial quandaries, as was evident in his response when his best-friend Bono warned him against stra ying from spousal fidelity, You saying I dont measure up. Thats what you trying to say. I dont measure up cause Im seeing this other gal. IShow MoreRelatedEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 PagesAvoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or choose another novel or play of comparable literary merit. All the King’s Men King Lear Anna Karenina Madame Bovary As I Lay Dying The Mill on the Floss The Awakening Moby-Dick Billy Budd Mrs. Dalloway Bleak House Native Son Bless Me,Ultima One Hundred Years of Solitude Catch-22 Othello Crime and Punishment The Scarlet Letter The Crucible Slaughterhouse-Five A Farewell to

Phl 458 Week 4 Individual Assignment Famous Thinkers Paper

Twentieth Century Thinkers PHL/458 Twentieth Century Thinkers The Twentieth Century, the year 1901, proved to be a time of change, brilliance, dedication, and new-found technology (2011). From quill pens to ink pens, horse-drawn carriages to gas powered engines, slavery and segregation of Blacks and Whites to the Civil Rights movement, and from handwriting on tablets to storing important information in a computer; the Twentieth Century made a tremendous amount of positive contributions to society. The contributions made in the Twentieth Century are often over-looked and taken for granted. Americans in particular have become somewhat spoiled with†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech given by Martin Luther King captivated the hearts of individuals supporting the Civil Rights cause. His solutions and ideas were implemented widely and had a huge impact on rights among the White and Black America. In 1950 King, and the NAACP assisted in the â€Å"Brown v. Board of Education,† in Topeka, Kansas, which led to t he acceptance of Black Americans in all White public schools (PBS, 2001). The thousands of marches and protests he led among the United States proved that one man can indeed make a difference. Bill Gates is also a man who made a difference in the Twentieth Century, though his passion in the beginning of his career came strictly from knowledge and intelligence. Gates is described by Who’s Who in the Twentieth Century as a â€Å"US businessman who co-founded Microsoft Corporation, which in the 1980s became the leading computer software producer.† In 2008, Microsoft was, according to this same source, accused of illegal activities, which led to Gates departure at Microsoft (Phillips, 2008). After Microsoft fell through for Gates, he advanced on to study philanthropy, which is a corporation or individual (s) donate to the goodwill of humanity. Bill Gates, still possessing ties with the Microsoft cooperation could do this combining his newfound wealth and his intelligence (Time Magazine, 2008). An article from Think Big Magazine quotes from Time, â€Å"For many years,Show MoreRelatedPHL 458 Complete Class Week 1 - 5 – All Assignments, Presentations, DQs – A+ Graded Course Material1177 Words   |  5 PagesPHL 458 Complete Class Week 1 - 5 – All Assignments, Presentations, DQs – A+ Graded Course Material Click on the Link Below to Purchase A+ Work for PHL458 http://hwminute.com/downloads/phl-458-whole-wks-1-5-dqs-assignments-amaterial/ Week 1 Individual Critical Thinking and Society Exercise Write 150- to 200 words on each of the following topics: †¢ Describe a situation in which critical and creative thought could have been used for a better outcome. Describe why it is important to think critically

Escalation Of Commitment free essay sample

A good project evaluation and management 7 . 3. Backup options: 8 6. Conclusion 8 7. Bibliography 8 1 . Executive summary Bola outbreak in West Africa this year, it is one Of the dangerous viruses since the past 40 years from now, over thousands of people have died in West Africa this year (BBC, 2014). 1 To develop Bola vaccine, this project would be a long haul project and definitely would face many obstacles. Since the past 40 years, no one can successfully develop medical method to curb this virus. 2 One of the obstacles, escalation of commitment, is going to inquiry in this paper.By examining the case of the Long Island Lighting Company, the company darted a project to build a nuclear power plant in Long Island, New York. The management presumed that this project would cost 75 million dollars and would be finished by 1973. However, the project finally completed in 1986 at a cost more than 5 billion dollars because of the resistance of the local citizens, when a negative feedback was found, the decision maker was faced with a dilemma: should she terminate the project and withdraw the remaining resources to invest somewhere else, or should she stick with the initial decision (Hawks, n. . ). 3 Why was the management in this case prone to he initial decision even the cost and time cost increased significantly? The answer is escalation of commitment. This case shows that escalation of commitment happens where the decision maker discovers that the previous course of action is failing, but they are still willing to put in more resources, including time and money into the ongoing project (Broken, 1992). Stab (1981) concludes that escalation always happens between individuals and groups and that individuals have the tendency to become locked in to a course of action, throwing good money after bad or committing new sources to a losing course of action There are four main causes: physiological, social, economic and organizational. These causes will be discussed in this report, as well as will inquiry what are the dangers of the escalation that the Bola vaccine development project would face.Finally, this report will suggest some measures to deal with the escalation. 2. Introduction Escalation can be defined as persistence with a course of action beyond an economically defensible point, escalation can happen while there are decisions i nvolving allocation of resources (Drummond, 1996). 6 Escalation as been examined by many school of thoughts, those researches show that substantial dangers are generated from escalation such as waste a great deal of time, energy and money in an organization (Colonel Monday, n. D. ). The aim of this report is to inquiry the causes of the escalation of commitment, and also look at the dangers of escalation of commitment to a course of action from the project that began developing Bola vaccine, as well as, to find out the methods that can effectively take to curb escalations. In order to reach the aim, this report focuses on the main causes of escalation which are psychological, social, economic, and organizational. After that, it explains why the project may be particular prone to escalation with escalation theory and examples.Then, it comes up with measures and suggestion that can prevent escalation. 3. Causes of escalation of commitment 3. 1. Psychological Self-justify theory is one of the psychological cause, it explains why decision escalate commitment to their past investments (Straw, 1976). 8 Decision makers may unconsciously defend themselves against an obvious error in pee;us decision by trying to put in more resources to regain the losses and rye to rationalize their action.He also suggested that the same decision maker in a project is more likely increase the self-justification need to constitute escalation, this is because they feel responsible for the resource allocation and project selection which leads to perceptual bias. 9 Besides self-justify theory, prospect theory provides another alternative explanation. Under this theory, decision maker would avoid the risk when the feedback of the decision is positive, in contrast, if the feedback of the decision is negative, they would perform risk-seeking behavior, this means that session maker prefers to avoid a smaller but c ertain loss now. However, this implies that negative feedback of a decision can contribute to irrational risk seeking decision which subsequently contribute to a much greater loss (White, 1986). 10 Relating to the prospect theory, the sunk costs effect triggers to escalation. This effect explains why the decision makers are prone to continue invest more resource for a project. This is because they already put in a huge amount of money in the project, they know that if they terminate a poor performing project, they will definitely suffer certain loss, therefore, they effuse to withdraw (Kelly Milkman, n. . ). 11 As well as, more sunk cost they have invested, the more reluctance they are. 3. 2. Social Besides psychological factors, social factors also significantly triggers to escalation. As mentioned by Colonel and Monday (n. D. ), people always want to save face or tries to gain recognition of others. 1 2 They do not want to admit wrong decision has been made by them and avoid humiliation. The US army got involve in the Vietnam War could be an example illustrated by Stab (1981)13, to avoid national stigma, LOS reluctant to withdraw from the war which leaded to escalation of commitment.As a result, huge amount of money was wasted and lots Of soldiers were killed (BBC, n. D. ). 14 Furthermore, Baseman and Moore (2009) also suggested the impression management factor, decision makers do not want to admit their initial decision contributing to venture failure as this may cause others to doubt their ability and competence. 15 Therefore, they try to appear consistency to others. Furthermore, people tends to dislike people acting inconsistent. For example, in 2004 U. S. Presidential election, Kerry had been mocked as flip flopper as is inconsistence views on the second Iraq war.This is because people may think that it is a sign of weakness or lack of confidence while people overthrow his initial course of action. Thus, it shows why decision makers are prone to stick with the initial decision and to avoid inconsistent even though they know that it was a poor decision. 16 3. 3. Economic Economic is a further reason that contributes to escalation of commitment. Stab (1981) stated that sometimes the cost required to terminate an ongoing project would be very high or maybe sometimes without any workable alternative options as well. By illustrating an example is that the decision maker decide to improve the sewage and draining system in a city with a huge cost, however, the cost and resources raised while the project is ongoing. The decision maker could choose to stop the project, however he would face compensation like paying for the workers, investors, sub- contractors, as well as legal cost to break a contract. Sometimes those compensation would involve huge amount of money, therefore decision maker would look at the consequences of termination of an ongoing project.While they think no other options are better or maybe just similar to current reject, they would like deciding continue the project, as a result to avoid extra effort and cost (Stab 1 981 18 3. 4. Organizational Different background and culture of an organization would contribute to different degrees of escalation of commitment (Geiger, Robertson Irwin, 1998). 19 For an example, an international company is having a joint project with another close related company in another country, in order to keep in a good relationship, the decision makers may try to conceal the failure due to political reason or conflict of interest.Another example is that if the culture of company is very independent, the decision makers are more likely prone to escalation because of the more responsibility that they think they bear (Geiger et al, 1998). 20 Furthermore, Stab ROSS (1989) mentioned that strong organizational support to the project would prone to escalation as the decision-makers seem the existence of organization itself as them. Therefore, it shows that different background and culture would trigger different escalation situation. 21 4. Dangers of Escalation of Commitment of the Bola vac cine project 4. . Physiological Dangers In the Bola vaccine project, the invested Some invested is a huge sunk cost ere. By using the self-justify theory, decision makers do not want to admit their mistake as they feel responsible for the sunk cost and the project, so they try to rationalize the decision by escalation of commitment; by applying prospect theory, as a huge amount of money or effort have already spent, they refuse to let go the big sunk cost, as a result become risk-seeking and try to minimize the loss by pouring more money into the failing project.However, the danger is that result to further losses. This also may reduce the decision makers confident in the future and try to follow a safe course of action in the true project that can harm to companys interest (Drummond, 1996). 22 4. 2. Social Dangers By applying the impression management factor, reputation always closely relates to market performance (Drummond, 1996)23. As shown in the case of US army in Vietnam War, as well as, the 2004 U. S. Presidential case shows that it is sometimes important to show consistency with the initial decision.For firms including pharmaceutical companies, it sometimes looks unprofessional by terminating an ongoing project in an early stage, which can harm the reputation. In contrast, it is relatively harmful for the companys interest if over-concerning the reputation and market performance by forgoing some important aspects such as ethical and safety aspects of drugs delivery while commits escalation, see the case of ASK Puerco Rich Plant case, because of the malpractice, ASK was reported by his employee and had to pay $750 m to resolve criminal and civil liability . 4 4. 3. Economical Dangers As mentioned above, the sunk cost here is always difficult to let go for the decision maker, as well as, sometimes it is too costly to change direction while once the negative feedback is given in this ongoing project (Hodgkin et l, 2009). 25 Therefore, decision maker in this project would, acting as same as the example mentioned above, look at the quitting cost. At last, they think there is no other better option, so choose to continue the project.Moreover, the Bola vaccine development project would be a long term project as research shows that no pharmaceutical company has successful developed the vaccine in the past 40 years (Barber, 2014). 26 Drummond (2001) mentioned that the longer the project last, the nature of risk changes along with the length of time, escalation is more likely to occur as decision Akers continue to put resources into the project. 27 One example is that in the Long Island Lighting Companys nuclear plant project, the time and cost spen t eventually went far more than their expectations. 8 4. 4. Organizational Dangers Escalation Of commitment happens while over-optimistic or poor evaluation are presence at the beginning, however at last the project is out of their control (Hodges et al, 2009)29. Moreover, companies with a strong ambition would be more likely prone to escalation and put more resource into the project (Hodgkin et a, 2009). 30 On example is the Vancouver 201 0 winter Olympic game, the costs was finally over SSL 00 million than expected and just achieved a break-even point (The Canadian Press, 201 0)31 .Furthermore, relating to a drugs developing project, some research shows that the drug development cost is steadily increasing, most of those companies product cost finally exceed $1 billion, and just 20% can achieve break-even point (Hooper, n. D. ),32 therefore, it is difficult for a drug company accurately evaluating the exactly cost to produce the final product, as well as the benefit is unknown until the project finished. 5. Measures to deal with Escalation of Commitment: . 1 .Share and reduce responsibilities As mentioned the causes above, there is always much pressure on decision makers which make them bearing a strong responsibility. Moreover, this can easily induce them to cover their flaws by escalation. To counter this problem, organization can choose to hand off the responsibilities, for an example, choosing two different decision makers, one responsible for the starting of the project, and another one responsible for finishing of the project. This can reduce the pressure of the same decision maker and help to decrease the self-justification need (Kelly Milkman, n. . ). 3 Furthermore, the responsibility on a decision maker can also be reduced by introducing panel decision-making procedures which means let relevant members contribute to the decision making process, therefore, it can help to reduce escalation happening (Cardboard, 2004). 34 5. 2. A good project evaluation and management The escalation of commitment happens always due to a poor project planning and estimation. Thus, it is important for organizations to set clear goals and targets of different stages of the project progression (Kelly Milkman, n. D. ). 5 With a good preparation, they may foresee what emergency will mom out, so that they can fast enough to deal with it, or they can avoid those uncertainties which would come out with escalation. It also suggests that observation is important for checking whether the progression sticks with the original plan or not (Bagman et al, 2009). 36 Nevertheless, if negative feedback occurs, whether they should persist or not? The quitting point can be set here, for example, think about how much they are willing to loss and the consequences if they are going to put in more resources.Therefore, those method can help to avoid too much effort and money wasting on a failing reject and quit in time. 5. 3. Backup Options: As mentioned in the causes, escalation can be triggered by there is no other suitable options, on the other hands, Bagman et al (2009) claimed that if there are alternative backup methods, the probability of escalate commitment would decrease. This can help to avoid too relying on that ongoing project, for an example, if the project finally failed, it would bring catastrophic effect to the organization. 7 A research suggests that pharmaceutical companies should run two to four medical development per annual which could help to maintain steady profit margins (Hooper, n. ). 38 However, although there may be other options, decision maker also needs to consider the consequence between switching the plan or continue with the initial decision, this is because the cost of continuing may equal to switching to alternative option. Therefore, a backup option should be well considered as well. 6.Conclusion The causes and dangers are discussed above, for the benefit of an organization, it shows the importance to consider the escalation of commitment to a course of action while a project is progressing. For Bola vaccine developing project, a huge sunk cost has invested, those agreements mentioned above can be used to deal with the escalation, however, in this ongoing project, it believes that the best way is to rotate decision manager as no one could exactly predict when the vaccine can be completed and how much would it cost at the end.

Who Is The Real Monster In Frankenstein Essay Example For Students

Who Is The Real Monster In Frankenstein Essay The character named Victor in the book Frankenstein written by Mary Shelly, is a likable figure. His demeanor on the whole was very pleasant as he grew from a boy into an adult. Victors passion for the sciences is very strong, and had stayed studious in his youth. Victors mother died when he was age 17, and that is when he decides that he will discover a way to rid the world of sickness and death, so people could stay with each other forever. Victor went on to medical school, and after many intense years of research and study Victor gathers enough parts from cadavers to begin creating life which he believes will be much better than our existence. We will write a custom essay on Who Is The Real Monster In Frankenstein specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Victor is a likable character because his intentions are good, all he wanted to do was conquer death and illnesses. This idea by it self comes from a man that is caring and doesnt want anybody to go through what he went through and also to keep himself from going through the same ordeal again. Victor finally creates life in the form of a man, with many parts sewn together it has made his creation hideous. Victor, not believing he had done this deed became frightened and ran away from the monster. The monster is automatically shunned by his maker who made judgment by relating ugliness with evil. Later on Victors brother William is found strangled and the accused is a girl who had grown up with Victor. Victor knows immediately that she didnt do this, but Victor was not able to help her because she is immediately lynched and hanged by the people. Victor decides he would prefer to live in the solitude of nature where he meets with the monster that he thinks has been dead for the last two years. The monster has learned how to speak, read, and write, The monster had learned of his creation from a diary Victor had kept and the monster had found it in an old coat. He told Victor that he had lived in a shack and observed the family and that is how he learned spee!ch, reading, and w riting. He also told Victor that he killed Victors brother. Victor has almost fully realized the consequences of his creation it was not the monster who had killed his brother, or the people who had killed the girl, but it was his own doing through his actions. At this point the monster is not a very likable character, the author has already made the monster ugly and a killer. The monster kills every one close to Victor, even his bride. It seems what started out in innocence is now very corrupt and evil. The likable characters in this book didnt have any deformities, or flaws, they were made caring and good. Society expects anything that is beautiful to be good. In this novel the requirements for being likable is to have money, friendship, and beauty. The monster is already unlikable for the fact that he doesnt have any of these attributes, and with the killing added to the lack of good attributes makes him that much more unlikable. I think that in todays society that we are much more caring and sensitive to the needs of the crippled and deformed, but there are still hesitant feelings towards them by some people, but not to the extent of the monster. Society respects the handicapped and accepts them in todays world. Im sure the story would have been different if Victor had been the monsters mentor from the very beginning.